Mexico



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[|MEXICO SITE] [|ANOTHER ONE]
Mexican Flag Meaning:

The stripes on Mexico's flag are believed to represent the following: the green stripe represents hope; the white represents symbolizes religion; and the red represents independence and the unity of the nation. Mexico's coat of arms depicts an ancient Aztec legend that tells a tale of God telling a band of wandering Aztec Indians that when they came across an eagle eating a snake while perched on a nopal cactus growing out of a rock surrounded by water, they were to create their home. This spot eventually became Mexico City. This scenario with the eagle eating a snake is depicted on the Mexican coat of arms. [|Mexican Flag Link] Historical Summary: Mexico is the site of advanced Amerindian civilizations, and came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving its independence early in the 19th century. A regulation of the peso in during late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation had been making an impressive recovery until the global financial crisis hit in late 2008. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, joblessness for a large segment of the population, unfair income division, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the broke southern states. The elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente Fox of the National Action Party - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was followed in 2006 by another National Action Party candidate Felipe Calderon. In January 2009, Mexico assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2009-10 term. [|Summary Link Info]

Historical Conflicts: [|Wars of Mexico]
 * **Mexican Drug war**-Mexico's ongoing war with the drug cartels
 * **Mexican-American War**-The United States invaded Mexico and forced the Mexicans to cede the northern half of the country and also to give up any claim to Texas.
 * **Mexican war of Independence**-A complex conflict in which Mexico gained independence from Spain.
 * **World War II**-Mexico joins the Allies and Mexican forces fight the Japanese in the Pacific.
 * **Mexican Revolution/Civil War**-One of the last of the long series of Mexican-Indian Wars, this conflict began when chiefs of the eight principal Yaqui Indian tribes demanded Mexican withdrawal from the Sinaloa region.
 * **Yucatan Rebellion**-The Yucatan region rebelled against the Mexican government.
 * **Texas War of Independence**- The Mexican state of Texas rebelled and gained independence from Mexico.
 * **Yaqui Indian War**-One of the last of the long series of Mexican-Indian Wars, this conflict began when chiefs of the eight principal Yaqui Indian tribes demand Mexican withdrawal from the Sinaloa region.

Historical Enemies: [|Wars of Mexico]
 * **Spain** (from Mexican War of Independence)
 * **The Japanese** (from World War II)
 * **United States** (from Mexican-American War)
 * **Texas** (from Texas War of Independence)
 * **Various Drug Cartels** (from Mexican Drug War)
 * **Yucatan** (from Yucatan Secession and Rebellion)
 * **Yaqui** (from Yaqui Indian War and partly Mexican Revolution)

Historical Timeline:
 * [|Historical Timeline]


 * [|Another TImeline Resource]

Map Of the Country:

[|Map Link]

Traditional Foods:
 * **Tortillas**: The staple food of generations of ordinary Mexicans, tortillas can be made of flour (more common in the north) or maize (the traditional method and still the most common in the south). Often served alongside a meal as bread would be, tortillas are also used in many typical dishes – rolled and baked for enchiladas, fried for tacos, or grilled for quesadillas.

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 * **Tamales**: Cornmeal paste wrapped in corn or banana husks and often stuffed with chicken, pork or turkey and/or vegetables, then steamed.

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 * **Menudo**: The soup is a traditional Mexican dish made with beef stomach in a clear broth or occasionally with a red chili base (this variation is called //menudo colorado//). It is traditionally served on special occasions or with family.

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Traditional Clothing:


 * **Charro Clothing**: One of the most easily recognized types of traditional Mexican clothing is the clothing worn by charros. Charros, or horsemen, were often known for their participation in Mexican rodeos and are still around today. The clothing they wear is generally a tight suit made from brightly dyed fabrics with heavy embellishment going down the outer sides of the pants. During processions, or when not actively participating in rodeo activities, charros can often be found wearing sombreros as well.

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 * **Sombrero**: The sombrero is a hat with a wide, circular brim that is generally upturned at the edges. This hat has roots going back as far as the 13th century, when wide brimmed hats were worn in hot climates by horseman. Peasants and field workers would also wear them because as their name suggests, they are excellent shade-makers. Wealthier ranchers and even important members of villages and towns would wear these hats as well, but they would often be embellished with silver or gold braiding.

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 * **Huipil**: The huipil (pronounced wee-peel and meaning blouse or dress) is a tunic-like dress with no sleeves that was often made from sewing 2 or 3 panels of cloth together. Worn only by women and girls, these tunics were often elaborately embellished and could convey different information depending on decoration and color. A huipil was often designed to convey to people the wearer’s origin, personal beliefs, and even marital status.

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 * **Rebozo**: The rebozo is a rectangular shawl-like garment that women traditionally wore, and still do today. Aside from acting as a shawl, the rebozo was also often used by women to assist them in carrying their babies and even the occasional grocery item. These shawls were often made in several colors and were generally comprised of wool, cotton, or silk. Rebozos with red, green, and white striping are commonly worn during festivals, and because they are such an important part of Mexican history, these shawls are often worn during folk dances.

[] || || In Guatemala the term “sarape” refers to a poncho-like variation of this item of clothing. Still wool and rectangular, the Guatemalans cut a hole in the center of the cloth and wear it as a poncho and not over the shoulder.
 * **Zerape**: The serape, or zarape and sarape as it is also referred to as, is a brightly colored woolen shawl that was worn over one shoulder, usually by men. This is one of the few pieces of traditional Mexican clothing worn by men to exist, because before the Spanish invaded, Mexican men were generally nude or semi-nude. Serapes are still made to this day and are popular purchases for tourists. They are available in varying qualities, but many discerning buyers specifically seek out “vintage” serapes for their homemade quality and attention to detail.

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Traditional Culture:


 * **Architecture**: In a broad sense, Mexican architecture comprises works of architecture created in Mexico, as well as architecture of pre-Hispanic and colonial times that have become part of Mexico's architectural heritage. Moreover, architectural styles of the independent nation have a strong influence from those previous years; therefore it is necessary to include them as part of this culture.

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 * **Music**: Mexican society enjoys a vast array of music genres, showing the diversity of Mexican culture. Traditional music includes Mariachi, Banda, Norteño, Ranchera and Corridos; on an every-day basis most Mexicans listen to contemporary music such as pop, rock, etc. in both English and Spanish. Mexico has the largest media industry in Latin America, producing Mexican artists who are famous in Central and South America and parts of Europe, especially Spain

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 * **National Holidays**: Mexicans celebrate their independence from Spain on September 16, and other holidays with colorful festivals known as "Fiestas". Every Mexican city, town and village holds a yearly festival to commemorate their local patron saints. During these festivities, the people pray and burn candles to honor their saints in churches decorated with flowers and colorful utensils. They also hold large parades, fireworks, dance competitions, beauty pageant contest, party and buy refreshments in the market places and public squares. In the smaller towns and villages, soccer, boxing, cockfighting and amateur bullfighting are also celebrated during the festivities.

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