Ireland




 * Historical Summary[[image:908612_writting.jpg width="164" height="109"]]

~Ireland's was first discovered by the Celts. For a while they were under the British rule, but that changed when Ireland and Northern Ireland split, at that point Ireland, Northern Ireland and Britain agreeed on a treaty that gave Britain rule over Northern Ireland, but that Ireland would be an independent country. Over 80 million Irish decendents don't live in Ireland, they live in other countries such as, the USA, UK, Canada, Austrailia, Argintina, New Zealand, Mexico, and South Africa. Only about 3 million still live in Ireland. || Historical Timeline

**~** **7500 B.C.: The first known inhabitants settle in Ireland**.

~** 1541: Britain's King Henry VIII is declared King of Ireland by Englishmen living in Ireland.**

~** 1916: Easter Rebellion. Armed Irish patriots rebel against British troops in Dublin, Ireland. The British kill**
 * rebel leaders.**

~** 1919-1921: Anglo-Irish War between the British and the Irish Republican Army. In a treaty, Britain finally**
 * gives up control of most of Ireland but tightens its grip on the six counties of Ulster (Northern Ireland).**

~** 1921-1923: Irish Civil War between those who accept the treaty with the English and the Irish Republican Army, which wants all of Ireland to be free of British rule. The Republicans lose.**

~** 1949: Britain declares Ulster a permanent part of the British Empire. The lower 26 counties of Ireland declare themselves the Irish Republic, totally free of British control.**

~﻿﻿** 1955: ﻿Ireland joins the United nations**

~** 1972: During anti-British protests in the Ulster on January 30, 13 unarmed marchers are killed by British troops, an event now known as Bloody Sunday. Britain imposes direct rule on Ulster. A more intense era of bloodshed begins. The Irish call this violence the Troubles.**

~** 2002: The Euro replaces the Irish pound, or punt, as Ireland's official currency.** || Historical Enemies


 * Ireland is a pretty peaceful country. They have only had one major enemy, that being Great Britain. Ireland and Great Britain fought for control over the Irish Free State, which is todays Ireland. In the end they decide to agree to a peace treaty. The treaty stated that the Irish free State would be called Ireland, the northern region of the Irish Free State would be called Northern Ireland, and would remain under British command, while the rest of the country was granted it's choice of government.** ||
 * Historical Conflict[[image:fightinggg.jpeg width="170" height="143"]]

** In 400 BC the Celts arrived in today’s Ireland, thus ruling it for thousands of years. In 795 AD the Vikings invaded Ireland and established seaports. But in 1014 the Celts defeated the Vikings. ** ** In 1171, King Henry II of England forced the Irish to look to him as their high King. Over time, the English invaders took to the local Irish culture, letting the Irish obtain some power. Yet in the early 1600’s England defeated major Celts’ leaders, giving them full control of Ireland. ** ** The country was devastated by the potato famine in the early 1840’s, nearly one million Irish died, and around two million fled to other countries to escape the terrible famine. Because of the famine a lot of strife and rebellion arose in Ireland. Then in 1921 the movement climaxed, with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. This treaty established the Irish Free Sate, as a British dominion, but the six northern countries remained in the UK as Northern Ireland. Yet under the new constitution of 1937, the Irish Free State changed it’s name to Ireland, and since then began to slip away from the British rule. In 1949, Ireland formally withdrew from the UK rule, and declared itself an independent nation. Northern Ireland remained a part of Great Britain. ** ** Many Irish want Northern Ireland and Ireland to be reunited as one, but the discussions of this was not very productive. Some have even resorted to violence to express their feelings. The violent forces consist of, the Irish Republic Army (IRA), which favors unification, and loyalist, or unionist, Protestant paramilitary groups, which oppose it. ** ** More peace talks were continually rejected in the 1990’s. Finally, in 1994 the IRA called for a cease-fire, the request was then returned by several loyalist militias. Inspired by this, Great Britain, Ireland, and some Northern Ireland leaders began to make a peace plan. Time drug on, and in 1996 the IRA gave up, and broke their 17-month cease-fire. ** ** In April of 1998, eight political parties, and the British and Irish governments reached an agreement on a peace plan. This plan was then called the Good Friday agreement, and stated the formation of a local government for Northern Ireland, and some joint policymaking between Dublin and Belfast. All parties agreed, and so it began. So, in 2005 the IRA announced an end to their armed campaign. ** || Map of Country

**~Ireland is situated in the Atlantic Ocean and separated from Great Britain by the Irish Sea. Half the size of Arkansas, it occupies the entire island except for the six counties that make up Northern Ireland. Ireland resembles a basin—a central plain rimmed with mountains, except in the Dublin region. The mountains are low, with the highest peak, Carrantuohill in County Kerry, rising to 3,415 ft (1,041 m). The principal river is the Shannon, which begins in the north-central area, flows south and southwest for about 240 mi (386 km), and empties into the Atlantic.**

Land area: **26,598 sq mi (68,889 sq km)** Total area: **27,135 sq mi (70,280 sq km)** Population (2010 est.): **4,250,163 (growth rate: 1.1%)** Density per sq km: **60****C**

~The flag of Ireland, most recently adopted on 29 December 1937, features three vertical stripes of green, white, and orange. Green represents the Roman Catholics in Ireland; orange represents the Northern Irish Protestants; and white, in the center, represents the hope for peace between the two groups. ||
 * The terrain is mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and mountains; sea cliffs**
 * The climate consists of mild winters, cool summers, consistently humid, and an overcast about half the time.** || Flag Significance[[image:irish-flag-640.jpg width="219" height="62"]]
 * Traditional Cultures[[image:i_love_my_irish_culture_hat-p148489279792475922qz14_400.jpg width="94" height="139"]]

~National holiday on March 17th, St. Patricks Day originated in Ireland.

~Halloween originated in Ireland.

~Ireland is also known for their Folk music and dances.

~traditional Bag Pipes are a big part of Ireland's culture.

86.8% [|Roman Catholic], 3% [|Church of Ireland] ([|Anglican]), 0.8% [|Islam], 0.6% [|Presbyterian], 0.3% [|Methodist], less than 0.05% [|Jewish], approximately 1.4% other religious groupings and 4.4% said they were in the "no religion" box. [|Gaelic football] is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, and represents 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by [|hurling] at 23%, [|soccer] at 16% and rugby at 8%. || Traditional Clothing
 * Religion~**
 * Sports~**

**associated with Ireland today**.
 * By the thirteenth century, the Irish were bundling themselves in mantles, which are coats made of wool cloth. Most mantles were composed of small scraps of cloth sewn together, although the wealthy were able to afford mantles made from a single but very large piece of cloth. Cloaks, on the other hand, would signify wealth if they were made from several different colors. In fact, law decreed that slaves could only wear cloaks with one color, while freemen could wear four and kings wore seven different colors. During the warm months, Irish men shed their mantles and cloaks and instead sported the léine, a tunic that extended to the knees. The leine was very wide at the bottom and narrow on top. Likewise, the leine's sleeves were narrow at the upper arms but widened greatly at the elbows.**
 * By the fifteenth century, women were wearing long dresses made from wool cloth, often decorated with ribbons and other accessories. These dresses were created and worn in direct**
 * imitation of those found in England, where the nobility had banned Irish clothing.**
 * The clothing that most consider "traditional" today was largely worn in the 19th century. Women wore simple dresses, similar to those worn by present day Irish dancers. Lace collars became quite fashionable at this time, as did the green color**

==Early Irish Clothing == ==Traditional Men's Clothing == ==Traditional Women's Clothing == ==Irish Dance Clothing == ==Donegal Tweed Hat == || Traditional Foods
 * The fifth-century Irish wore tunics and cloaks. Men of higher social status wore a jacket-and-pants combination called inar and trius. Accessories were popular among men and women. Common accessories included, knives, <span style="background-color: transparent !important; border-bottom: #006400 0.07em solid; border-top-style: none; bottom: auto; color: #006400 !important; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none; font-family: inherit !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal !important; left: auto; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static !important; right: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: underline !important; top: auto; vertical-align: baseline;">brooches, shoes and belts. Clothing was made from linen, wool and silk.
 * Men wore long braided <span style="background-color: transparent !important; border-bottom: #006400 0.07em solid; border-top-style: none; bottom: auto; color: #006400 !important; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none; font-family: inherit !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal !important; left: auto; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static !important; right: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: underline !important; top: auto; vertical-align: baseline;">hair and skirts with pleats. The skirts were dyed yellow from saffron. Irish men also wore wool trousers. In the 15th century, King Henry VIII passed [|laws] forbidding traditional Celtic clothing. From that point on, Irish people were forced to wear English clothing.
 * Irish women wore turbans and did not wear corsets. <span style="background-color: transparent !important; border-bottom: #006400 0.07em solid; border-top-style: none; bottom: auto; color: #006400 !important; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: none; font-family: inherit !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal !important; left: auto; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static !important; right: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: underline !important; top: auto; vertical-align: baseline;">Married women covered their heads, but young women did not and let their hair flow loosely. Women wore linen skirts that were also dyed yellow. Women also wore long gowns and cloaks.
 * Traditional Irish dance costumes are based on the Irish peasant dress. The dresses have hand-embroidered Celtic designs. The Tara brooch is worn on the shoulder and holds a cape that falls onto the back. Men wear a plain kilt and jacket. They also wear a draped cloak over the shoulder. Both male and female dancers wear hornpipe shoes, which are made for dancing jigs. Ballet pumps are also worn.[[image:9efe0_NTIrishFestival03.jpg width="199" height="165" align="right"]]
 * Tweed hats are a famous Irish accessory. Hand weaving is a tradition in Donegal, Ireland. The tweed hat remains popular today and is famous for its yellow, orange, red and purple colors. The tweed hats are made from wool, which is then dipped in dye made from blackberries, gorse and lichen.



==Types == ==<span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-collapse: separate; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> Irish Breakfast == ==<span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-collapse: separate; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Benefits ==
 * <span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-collapse: separate; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Because Ireland is an island, many Irish foods contain seafood such as fish and prawns or other crustaceans. Other Irish foods are made of wheat, potato, meat and dairy.
 * <span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-collapse: separate; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Irish breakfast is a staple of traditional Irish life. It includes large portions of eggs and bacon and is usually served with tea.
 * <span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-collapse: separate; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Irish diet is considered traditionally pragmatic in terms of nutrition. Potatoes are a great source of vitamin B6 and fiber, crucial for the stimulation of the central nervous system and colon <span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; color: #0074e8; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|health] . Irish soups often contain beef or vegetable broth to ensure the consumption of all of the foods' nutrients.

__**DRINKS**__
 * <span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-collapse: separate; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**the beer** [|Guinness] **is made in Ireland, so with that the Irish are known to be heavy drinkers.** ||